Internal-combustion engine



1,615,458 Jan' 251927 o E.JORGENSEN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Dec. s, 1924 Patented Jan. 25, 1927.

1,615,458 UNITED STATI-:s PATENT orales.l

OLAV ESKIL JORGENSE'N, 0F FOREST HILLS, NEW YORK, `ASSIGNOR T0 WOR'LIEihl'G TON PUMP lAND MACHINERY CORPORATION, 0F NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION f 0F VIRGINIA.

INTERNAL-consusrron Encina.

Application led December 3, 1924. Serial No. 753,593.

This invention relates to improvements in internal combustion engines, and particularly to engines of the Diesel or similar oilburning type.

The object of the invention is to provide an improved construction of cylinder, especially adapted for double-acting engines of the two-cycle type and particularly suitable for heavy power purposes, as, for example, marine engines, the construction being such as to be of great strength but light weight and secure proper alinement and' durability with eiicient cooling of the parts, while the various parts of the engine may readily be assembled and disassembled.

`With these objects in view, the invention consists in various features of construction and combinations of parts which will be rst described inconnection with the accompanying drawings, showing adouble-acting engine of the preferred form embodying the invention, andthe features forming the 1nvention then be specifically pointed out in the claims.

In the drawings- Y Figure 1 is a vertical section of the engine cylinder and piston;

.Figures 2, 3 and 4 are cross-sections on, respectively, the lines 2 2, 3 3 and 4--4 of F ig. 1;

Figure 5 is a longitudinal section of onehalf of the piston, on the line 5-5 of Fi l. 3.

The engine shown is that of my pen lng application for United States Letters-Patent Serial No. 537,136, tiled February 16, 1922,

including certain improvements on the yconstruction described and claimed in that application, although many of the features are applicable also to engines of other types.

Referring to the drawin s, A is acastlng mounted on engine frame and forming a, center piece or cylinder baseon which the cylinders of the double-acting engine shown are mounted. This cylinder base `A has formed therein the scavenging ports 10 and exhaust ports 11 connecting, respectively, with the scavenging manifold C and exhaust manifold D, and 4this cylinder base also contains thecooling liluid chambers 12 forming a part of the cylin er cooling water circulation, and has a heavy central diaphragm 13 provided with a shoulder 14 wh1ch extends inwardly to `form a firm seatmg for thecylinders.

The cylinders are formed wlth cylinder liners 15 having heavy shoulders by which i against shoulders formed on the cylinders 16, which cylinders are formed with thickcned bases 17 at their inner ends by which they are seated on shoulders on the liners and guided and held between the liners and the inner Wall of base A, so that perfect alinement and firm mounting of the cylinders is secured and maintained, all joints being metal to metal. The liners are held to the cylinder base at their inner ends, that is, the ends where they meet, and4 thereby the expansion of each liner is in the direction trom its inner end toward its outer end. Therefore, as the overlapping portion 1 of one liner is relativelyA short and its expansion negligible, the two liners meeting and overlapping at their inner ends constitute a continuous liner device extending through- `ont the entire piston travel, and the joint between the liners over .which the piston must pass is maintained so tight that there is no chance of the piston rings scoring the liners at the said joint. The cylinder ends are preferably of "the special dome form shown, formed in two zones, the zone next to the cylindrical body portion of the cylinder preferably being spherical and the remainder of the dome a conoidal dome tangent to the spherical portion, but it will be understood that this form is not essential to the present invention. The outer cylinder 16 is closed at the topk by cap 19 through which is mounted the central fuel spray valve a, and the cylinder 16 at the inner or piston rod end is closed by cap 20, in which the iston rod is packed, and in the opposite si es of the cylinder wall are preferably mounted two fuel valves a', a2, so as to properly distribute` the fuel supply on opposite sides of the piston, which is formed at the end to provide clamping rings 21 bolted to the base A, and within these clamping rin s are the cooling jackets 22 surrounding t e cylinder lends with stalling boxes 2 between them and the clamping rings, these cylinder jackets being supported at their outer ends by boltin on the respective cylinder heads 19, 20. ese jackets, therefore, are removable as a unit with the cylinders and may readily be removed from the cylinders. The inner ends of the jackets being free, expansion and contraction of the jackets is provided or,while leakage is prevented by the packing 2.

The cooling water circulation for the cylinders and linens is as follows: The cooling chambers 12 are connected at opposite sides by side chambers 24, into one of which cooling water is admitted through port 23, as

shown in Fig. 2, und from these cooling chambers 12 the water passes through vertical passages 3 and horizontal passages 4 to passages 5 formed in the liner and cylinder walls, and thus Hows Within the clamping ring 21 and through helical passages 6 formed between the jackets 22 and cylinder 16 to the jacket chambers 25, 25, at the cuter ends of the cylinders. The entire cylinder, liner, and port construction thus is efliciently cooled.

The iston rod E supports directly all parts o the piston construction so that a Y firm and etlicient support vof allparts is secured. A heavy center piece 26 is'mounted on the rod between the two pistons, preferably by a rib and groove mounting 7, as shown, sothat this center piece forms a frigid running' member within the liners and between the pistons. This center piece is split into halves .for convenient application, the halves being secured together by bolts, as shown in Fig. 3. On opposite sides of the center piece 26 the piston rod carries enlargements or heads integrally formed there wit i. At the upper end of the piston rod two heads 27 are formed so as to provide for water circulation within the piston about the smaller portion of the rod between the heads,

and the upper piston head 28 is seated upon the head 27, with the cylindrical portion of the upper piston 30 that carries the piston rings sliding-on the lower head 27 with packing to prevent leakage, expansion and contraction of the piston thus being provided for. The lower piston rod enlargement or 'head 29 has the piston head 28 seated' on its end with the cylindrical portion 30 free to slide in packing on the enlargement 29, as in the case of the upper piston. The upper and lower pistons are secured to the piston rod heads or enlargements by bolts 32, extending from the inenr side of the piston rod heads into the piston heads 28, as shown in F ig. 5, the Whole piston construction, with center piece 26, thus forming a single unit firmly mounted upon the piston rod.

space through the lower side passages 8, on

one side of a diaphragm in the space in piston rod enlargement or head 29, to the interior of piston 30, so as to circulate within theA piston head and behind the' running portion and piston rings, and then through the upper side passages 8 in said piston rod head 2f) on the opposite side of the dia-l phragm to the space about tube 31 and through side passages 9 to the interior of the upper piston portion 30 and within its S0 piston head 28, circulating throughout the piston and within the running portion and piston rings and then through passages 9 to the under side of the top of the piston, returning through the tube 31. piston, including the piston heads and the running portion carrying the piston rings, are thus efliciently cooled, each piston having its own circulation.

It will be obvious that by the construction U0 of the piston as described, a light yet very strong piston is produced, which may be lreadily assembled anddisassembled, while the piston is eiiiciently cooled and any longitudinal expansion or construction of the piston due to temperature changes, is fully provided for. In disassembling the piston` it is necessary only to remove the entire doubleacting piston and piston rod from the cylinder, take off the split center piece 26 and 10u then, by removal-of the bolts 32, each of the pistons may readily be removed and the parts disassembled. The cylindersalso are readily assembled and disassembled, the cylinders with theirrespective liner and jackets being remo'vable as units, when released by the removal of the clamps 21, and the liners, jackets, and cylinder heads then being readily disassembled.

While in theforegoing specification the invention has been more particularly shown and described as embodied in a vertical engine, it is to be understood that the invention is. applicable-to horizontal or inclined engines, Vand that the terms ,upper and lower, referring to the cylinders and pistons, lare to be understood as including cylinders and pistons which are not above and below each other, but nearest to or farthest from the crank shaft.

It will be understood, also, that the invention is not limited to double-acting engines`v but that certain features are applicable to single-acting engines and are thus claimed.

although they invention is especially intended for double-acting engines and certain fea tures and'combinationsolc parts in such an engine are specifically claimed.

What I claim is:

1. In a double acting internal combustion 13 The whole B5 engine, the combination, with a cylinder basey having a vertical bore and provided with scavenging air inlet passages and exhaust and a piston movable Within the liners,

said liners being arranged to form a lcontinuous liner device extending throughout the entire travel of the piston.

2. Iii a double-acting internal combustion engine, the combination with a cylinder base having a' vertical bore and havingtwo sets ot' scavenging air inlet passages and exhaust passages, and a diaphragm between the two sets of passages, of a pair of cylinders pro-.-

jecting into said Vertical bore on opposite sides of the diaphragm and having liners provided with inlet and exhaustports in communication with the cylinder passages, pistons movable in said cylinders and through the diaphragm, said liners being seated against. said diaphragm and having portions extending over the inner surface of the diaphragm to form a running surface for the pistons throughout their movement.

3. In an internal combustion engine, the combination with a cylinder base having a vertical bore and havmg scavenging air inlet passages and exhaust passages, of a liner extending into said bore and seated on said base and having a shoulder, and a cylinder extending into said bore and seated on said liner shoulder, a clamping ring bearing on the cylinder for clamping the cylinder, liner and base together, a cooling jacket having its outer end secured to the ,cylinder and its inner open end slidably mounted by a watertight joint in the clamping ring to provide for expansion and contraction, and passages supplying cooling water to said jacket.

4. ln an internal combustion engine, the combination with a cylinder base having a vertical bore and having scavenging air inlet passages and exhaust passages, ot' a liner extending into said bore and seated on said base and having a shoulder, a cylinder extending into said bore and seated on said liner shoulder, a clamping ring bearing 011 the cylinder for clamping the cylinder, liner and base together, a cooling jacket having its outer end secured to the cylinder and its `inner open end slidably mounted by a watertight joint. in the clamping ring to provide ior expansion and contraction, passages supplying cooling water to said jacket, a cooling water chamber in the cylindersbase and passages through the cylinder base, liner and cylinder connecting said water chamber with the jacket space for cooling the cylinder base liner and c linder;

5. In a cable-acting internal combustion engine, the con'ibination with a cylinder base having a vertical bore and having two sets of scavenging air inlet passages and exhaust passages and a diaphragm between the two sets of passages, of a pair of cylinders'projecting into said vertical bore on opposite sides of the diaphragm and having liners provided with inlet' and exhaust ports in communication with the cylinder passages, cooling chambers in the cylinder base, a cen tral transverse water connection from said chambers, and passages extending in opposite directions from said central connection through the liners and cylinder walls to the jackets, for supplying water to cool the lin` ers and cylinders at opposite ends of th-e engine.

6. The combination, with a cylinder base, a cylinder secured thereto, a liner within the cylinder and a jacket outside the cylinder, said cylinder base and liner having exhaust and scavenging ports, said cylinder base having a chamber for cooling fluid, vertical passages connected to said chaiiiher, and transverse passages in communication with said vertical passages, said liner and cylinder having vertical passages communicat-ing with said transverse passages, and with the space between the cylinder and jacket for circulating cooling fluid through the liner and cylinder to said space.

7 The combination, with a cylinder base,

cylinders secured thereto, a liner within eaeli cylinder, and jackets outside the cylinders,

said cylinder base and liners having exhaust and scavenging ports, said cylinder base having a chamber for cooling fluid, vertical passages connected to said eliaiiilier, and transverse passages in communieatiun with-said vertical passages, each liner and its cylinder having' vertical passages,comniunicatiilig with said transverse passages, the vertical passages of one lin-er and c vliider extending in a directionopposite to those oi thel other liner and cylinder. -said vertical passages communicating with the spaces between the respective cylinders and theirjackets i'or circulating cooling tluid through cach liner and cylinder to said spaces. i

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand.` i

emv asini.. Joaenusas inn 

